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DETERMINING YOUR WELLNESS PROFILE: THE FITNESS APPRAISAL - BODY COMPOSITION ASSESSMENT

Numerous tests are available to measure your body's composition. Height-weight charts are perhaps the least accurate method of providing an indication of associated health risks except for the very obese individual. Three practical tests— body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, and skinfold measures—provide an accurate assessment of your body composition and the associated health risks based on body fat content.
1. Body mass index (BMI) provides a more sensi^ tive indicator of body composition and health risks than body weight.
Body mass index (BMI) A method of determining overweight and obesity by dividing body weight (in kilograms) by height (in meters) squared; this method is considered superior to height-weight table ranges.
Obesity, an NIH Consensus Development Conference, 1985, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 85, pp. 1117-1121. Copyright 1983 by Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.
exact height in inches in the column to the rightt and another dot at your exact weight in pounds in the column to the left, drawing a straight line to connect the two dots, and recording the number where the line intersects the vertical column in the middle. Keep in mind that weights and heights are determined without clothing. A body mass index greater than 27.2 for men or 26.9 for women indicates a need for weight reduction. Traditional weight tables and the BMI provide only rough estimates of what people should weigh.
Example: A college woman 5 feet, 6 inches tall and weighing 185 pounds will have a BMI of about 31.0.
2. Waist-to-hip ratio provides an indication of the way you store fat. Obese people who tend to store large amounts of fat in the abdominal area, rather than around the hips and thighs, are at higher risk for coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, strokes, and diabetes. To provide an accurate and practical indicator, the waist-to-hip ratio test was devised by a panel of scientists appointed by the National Academy of Sciences and the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Council for the U.S. Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services. If the waist-to-hip ratio is 1.0 or higher in men or .85 or higher in women, the panel recommends weight loss.
Example: lohn has a 40-inch waist and a 38-inch hip. His ratio of 1.05 (40 -=- 38) is indicative of increased risk for disease.
3. Skinfold measures at various sites on the body provide an accurate indicator of your percent of body fat. The four-site skinfold test described in chapter 11 is designed for both college men and women.
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